Tag: DNA Synthesis

Progress in DNA Synthesis Steps

Within the last few decades, advancements in methods of DNA synthesis, as well as synthesizing, DNA sequences have improved our capabilities of understanding genomics which has led to improved capability of engineering biological systems. The chemically synthesized DNA oligonucleotides and their assembly constructs contain encoded genes, synthons, circuits, metabolic pathways and even whole genomes. These assemblies have the ability to design, build, and test various research topics within molecular technology and synthetic biology. At Synbio Technologies we pride ourselves in our ability to successfully synthesize the requested DNA sequence specific to each customer. We have the ability, through our Syno Gene Synthesis Platform, to synthesize sequences up to and including 200kb in length with guaranteed one hundred percent accuracy.

DNA synthesis from oligonucleotides

As a polymer, consisting of four different phosphoramidite monomers, DNA synthesis follows a form of hierarchical polymer synthesis. Within the more traditional method of synthesizing DNA, nucleotide monomers make a connection between each other in order to construct individual oligonucleotide. On the other hand, in a more modern method of conducting gene synthesis, for assembling a synthetic double-stranded DNA, namely synthon, requires that adjacent oligonucleotides should be equipped with overlapping sequences. Once the sequences are long enough, the sequences-verified synthons are assembled to produce synthetic DNA constructs. The synthetic DNA constructs can then be commonly found within metabolic pathways or whole genomes.

Traditional column-based oligonucleotide as a source of DNA synthesis has a limitation to cost reduction. The cost of that ties to the consumption of reagent use, the scale of synthesis, the length of the oligonucleotides and the technical supplier.

DNA synthesis from high-fidelity microchips

The demand of cheaper resources necessary for DNA synthesis has resulted in an interest in a more recently developed method of array-synthesized DNA. Within the original method of DNA synthesis, the oligonucleotides were attached to a microchip surface. This attachment was accomplished via applying a modified phosphoramidite synthesis steps. This promising route has the capability to generate up to a million diverse oligonucleotides for constructing DNA on an individual chip.

Admittedly, oligonucleotides from DNA microchips can minimize the cost of DNA synthesis by a significant magnitude. High-fidelity microchips are able to be optimized through controlling depurination during the process of synthesis.

Synbio Technologies has in placed Syno®3.0 synthetic platform, which is a next generation chip based DNA synthetic technology. Tens of thousands of or even one hundred thousand primers for one-time synthesis can be achieved on a semiconductor chip. Synbio Technologies is competent to provide lower-cost methods to produce high-quality synthetic DNA to meet all customers’ request.

DNA Synthesis Related Services

DNA Synthesis Definition and Methods

DNA synthesis definition

DNA synthesis is defined as the process by which copies of nucleic acids are strung together to form a longer DNA sequence within a laboratory setting.

DNA synthesis processes

DNA oligomers are the foundation of the DNA synthesis process. The essential feature of DNA synthesis is that no naturally isolated DNA is used. This step deviates from the traditional method of studying genetics, by which a preexisting genetic sequence was extracted from an organism to be amplified and later studied. With gene synthesis we, at Synbio Technologies, are capable of generating de novo genetic sequences that may not currently be present anywhere within nature. Although clonal plasmid-based intermediates might exist during the assembly of a target DNA, every base originates as a phosphoramidite molecule at the beginning of DNA synthesis. Today, all DNA synthesis methods begin with solid-phase phosphoramidite chemistry to construct single-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size between 10 and 100 base pairs in length. These single stranded molecules are then enzymatically assembled into larger molecules. This process is then repeated until the required sequence length is generated. This process has been perfected by Synbio Technologies through our three phase Syno Platform. This platform offers the ability to generate sequences up to and including 200kb in length with one hundred percent accuracy, guaranteed to be identical to the sequence requested by the customer.

DNA synthesis assembly in yeast

A commonly used method of DNA fragment assembly is through the use of a yeast intermediate. The yeast, better known as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can synthesize single-stranded DNA with a minimum length of 38 overlapping base pairs and a linear double-stranded vector in one transformation event. In this way, oligonucleotides can synthesize DNA for a wide range of lengths, ranging from as few as 20bps in length to as large as 200bps in length. DNA synthesis assembly in yeast is a useful method for building synthetic DNA molecules that are relatively large in length. Since yeast have a powerful capacity to synthesize and recombine DNA fragments, yeast has become a model eukaryote for studying numerous cellular processes. In addition to this advantage, homologous recombination in yeast can be used to build DNA fragments from overlapping constituent parts.

TopDown one-step DNA synthesis method

TopDown DNA synthesis is a simple and cost-effective method to assemble a long genetic sequences up to and including 200kb in length. The TopDown DNA synthesis method can be distinguished from conventional gene synthesis methods by two key features. First, the melting temperature of the outer primers is designed to be ~8°C lower than that of the assembly oligonucleotides. Secondly, there are different annealing temperatures that are utilized to selectively control the efficiencies of the oligonucleotide assembly and full-length template amplification. The TopDown DNA synthesis method is an effective way to remove the interference between PCR assembly and amplification. This interference between PCR assembly and amplification have been linked to the development of certain malfunctions within the DNA synthesis process. This demonstrates that TopDown DNA synthesis is a method which can optimize DNA synthesis under certain condition.

Synbio Technologies is a DNA technology company whose main focus is DNA synthesis. This is seen in our high quality products generated by Synbio Technologies’ proprietary Syno® DNA synthesis platform which can synthesize sequences up to and including 200kb in length. This length is characteristic of DNA sequences which make up genes, genomes, and various biological pathways. In addition to this, the professional Syno®Codon software can significantly optimize the original sequences from customers, and provide synthesized DNA sequences with one hundred percent accuracy within 5 days. It is these factors that have led Synbio Technologies to become one of the premier companies within the gene synthesis industry.

DNA Synthesis Related Services

Synbio Technologies’ DNA Synthesis Service

DNA synthesis is a method in synthetic biology for the creation of deoxyribonucleic acid biopolymers in a sequence-specific manner. DNA synthesis can be further classified into oligonucleotide synthesis and gene synthesis. Currently, oligonucleotides are manufactured almost exclusively using automated solid-phase methods.In this way, we can apply efficient and accurate DNA synthesis services. Oligonucleotide synthesis produces short, single-stranded nucleic acid polymers usually made up of 18 to 25 nucleotides, which are usually used as probes for detecting specific DNA/RNA sequences by recognizing and binding to a complementary segment of DNA/RNA. Oligonucleotides are widely used as DNA/RNA structure probes, DNA microarray probes, and gel electrophoresis references, and are usually single strand fragments limited to 100 nucleotides. On the other hand, gene synthesis is able to create double-stranded DNA ranging from 50 bp to 12,000 bp in length. Solid-phase based gene synthesis opens up new avenues for completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size.

Synbio Tech DNA Synthesis Service

Taking advantage of industrial-leading processing technology, Synbio Technologies’ Syno®1.0 platform provides a full selection of conventional primers, ultra-high purity primers, degenerate primers, aptamers, and fluorescent probes for world-class scientific research and some industrial customers.Synbio Technologies can also manufacture large scale primer synthesis using multi-well plates to deliver up to 10,000 primers for customized orders.

Our Syno®2.0 DNA synthesis platform is the most versatile platform empowered by patented Syno®DNA Assembly technologies. Syno®2.0 platform can cope with any type of gene and genome ranging from 100 base pairs to 1 million base pairs that contain all types of complex sequences. Standard complexity order can be completed within 5 business days with 100% sequence fidelity. NGTMsoftware is developed at Synbio Technologies to boost the expression of synthetic genes in all commonly used expression systems.

Next Generation DNA Synthesis Company

As a leading DNA synthesis company, Synbio Technologies offers a comprehensive package of synthetic genomics services, from simple oligonucleotides and DNA fragments to large and complex genome clusters. Our cutting edge Syno® 3.0 high-throughput platform is the world’s most advanced next-generation DNA synthesis platform, able to provide affordable synthetic DNA at unprecedented scale.

At Synbio Technologies, our DNA synthesis capacity is empowered by several patented technologies. Industry-Leading NGTM Codon can help customers redesign and enhance the efficiency of the genes to achieve superior gene expression. Syno® Assembly is truly one-of-a-kind technology, working in tandem with our Syno® 2.0 platform to ensure the delivery of affordable, error-free sequences.

In addition, Synbio Technologies is building up its first integrated Syno GPS (Genotype, Phenotype and Synotype) system, aiming to streamline translation or reverse translation between “Genotype” and “Phenotype” through our proprietary “Synotype” platform. Our company’s scientific capabilities encompass areas such as molecular biology and bio-pharmaceutical research, precision medicine, biotechnology, molecular breeding, and biofuel production.

Synbio Technologies, a DNA synthesis company devote to next generation DNA synthesis, provides a variety of synthetic genomic options to advance your research, including primer synthesis, gene synthesis, metabolic pathway synthesis, gene cluster synthesis, CRISPR-Cas9 service, Sanger sequencing, and NGS services.

DNA Synthesis Application

With the growth of DNA synthesis techniques, especially the focus on automation and automatic technologies, we can more easily, rapidly, and efficiently synthesize DNA fragments. The applications of synthetic DNA encompass a broad spectrum ranging from genetic circuits and metabolic pathways to synthetic genomes. DNA synthesis is an essential technique in molecular biology and plays a vital role in various disciplines, such as genetic engineering, and clinical diagnosis/treatment.

DNA Synthesis in Molecular Biology

According to the clarified nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence, we can synthesis the polypeptide and protein gene which can be applied in actual production and research. So far, various genes have been synthetic and expressed successfully in eukaryotic system, such as human growth hormone, interferon, insulin, interleukin etc.

DNA Synthesis Applications in Medicine

As our technology has become more powerful, our understanding of many diseases has become more sophisticated, from the organ and tissue level to the molecular and genetic level. As a result, new discoveries have allowed us to tackle genetic diseases in ways that we could not previously. For example, fluorescent probes can detect potentially harmful deletions in certain genes, proving to be a valuable tool for clinical diagnosis.

DNA Synthesis Application in Synthetic Biology

A valuable domain of synthetic biology is metabolic engineering. By engineering parallel metabolic systems that interface with natural cellular metabolic machinery, researchers can program cells for practical applications including the synthesis of cost effective chemicals or drugs. In one demonstration by Keasling and colleagues, the construction of a biosynthetic artemisinin pathway in yeast enabled the microbial production of this antimalarial compound at one-tenth of the cost of conventional production method of harvesting from the rare Artemisia annua plant.

Synbio Technologies concentrates primarily on DNA synthesis technologies. We have established our proprietary Syno® gene synthetic platform which can provide a variety of services including oligonucleotide synthesis, fluorescent probe labeling, and synthesize gene/genome, pathway and DNA library. We can also provide materials and supplies for clients in various disciplines, such as biological medicine, molecular diagnosis, industrial enzyme, bio-fuel, modern agriculture, environmental protection and surveillance and DNA storage.